[A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing—no particles or even electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from it.]
[A black hole occurs when additional than a certain amount of matter or energy is located in reach a small enough space.]
Hawking radiation is black-body radiation is predicted to be released by black holes, due to quantum effects near the black hole event horizon.
[Event horizon is a boundary beyond which events cannot affect an observer].
It is named after the physicist Stephen Hawking, who provided a theoretical argument in support of its existence in 1974.
Hawking radiation reduces the mass and rotational energy of black holes and is therefore also familiar as black hole evaporation.
Hence black holes must gradually lose energy and evaporate over time.
Hawking’s insight was established on a phenomenon of quantum physics familiar as virtual particles, and their behavior near the event horizon.
Even in empty space, subatomic “virtual” particles and antiparticles come briefly into existence, then mutually annihilate and vanish again. Close to a black hole, this manifests as pairs of photons.
As the particle–antiparticle pair was produced by the black hole’s gravitational energy, the escape of one of the particles lowers the mass of the black hole. This causes the black hole to lose mass, and, to an outside viewer, it would appear the black hole has just emitted a particle.
One of these photons might be pulled beyond the event horizon, leaving the other to escape into the wider universe.
The escaping photon adds an equal amount of positive energy to the wider universe outside the black hole.
A conservation law exists in support of the partner wave, which in theory shows the emissions comprise an exact black body spectrum, bearing no information about the interior conditions. In this way, no matter or energy ever actually leaves the black hole itself.
In June 2008, NASA initiate the Fermi space telescope, which is searching in support of the terminal gamma-ray flashes expected from evaporating primordial black holes.
It is unknown what exactly happens to the mass inside a black hole.
Hawking’s insight was established on a phenomenon of quantum physics familiar as virtual particles, and their behaviour near the event horizon.
Physical insight into the process may be gained by imagining particle–antiparticle radiation is emitted from just beyond the event horizon.
Source:
[1] Wikipedia Contributors. “Hawking Radiation.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation. Accessed 4 Nov. 2020.
[2] AlexAntropov86. “Black Hole Space – Free Photo on Pixabay.” Pixabay.Com, 23 June 2018, pixabay.com/photos/black-hole-space-cosmos-universe-3490482/. Accessed 4 Nov. 2020.
[3] Wikipedia Contributors. “Event Horizon.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 2 Nov. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_horizon. Accessed 4 Nov. 2020.
[4] Wikipedia Contributors. “Black Hole.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 4 Nov. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole. Accessed 4 Nov. 2020.
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