Computers perform quantum computations are known as quantum computers.
Quantum computing is the use of quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform computation.
Quantum computing began in the early 1980s when physicist Paul Benioff proposed a quantum mechanical model of the Turing machine.
The learning of quantum computing is a subfield of quantum information science.
The learning of the computational complexity of problems with respect to quantum computers is called quantum complexity theory.
Technologies such as transmons, ion traps, and topological quantum computers use quantum logic gates to support their computations.
A classical computer can solve any computational problem can also be solved by a quantum computer.
Quantum computers are believed to be able to solve certain computational problems, such as integer factorization, substantially faster than classical computers.
There are various draws closer to implementing quantum computers, like quantum simulation, quantum annealing, and adiabatic quantum computation.
There are currently a number of significant obstacles in the way of constructing useful quantum computers.
There are a lot of models of quantum computing, including the quantum circuit model, quantum turing machine, adiabatic quantum computer, one-way quantum computer, and various quantum cellular automata.
Quantum circuits are established on the quantum bit, or “qubit”, which is somewhat analogous to the bit in classical computation. Qubits can be in a 1 or 0 quantum state or in a superposition of the 1 and 0 states. In particular, it is difficult to maintain the quantum states of qubits as they suffer from quantum decoherence and state fidelity.
In recent years, investment in quantum computing research has increased in both the public and private sectors.
Source:
[1] Wikipedia Contributors. “Quantum Computing.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Nov. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing. Accessed 10 Nov. 2020.
[2] pixy.org. “Quantum Computer Processor Drawing Image.” Pixy.org, 28 May 2020, pixy.org/5763385/. Accessed 10 Nov. 2020.