Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in certain materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic flux fields are expelled from the material.
😊It is characterized by the Meissner effect, the complete ejection of magnetic field lines from the interior of the superconductor during its transitions into the superconducting state.
😊The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of perfect conductivity in classical physics.
😊Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a phenomenon which can only be explained by quantum mechanics.
😊In 1986, it was discovered some cuprate-perovskite ceramic materials own a critical temperature above 90 K .
😊An electric current through a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source.
😊Any material exhibiting these properties is a superconductor.
😊The superconductivity phenomenon was discovered in 1911 by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes.
Some Applications:
😊Superconductors are usual to build Josephson junctions which are the building blocks of SQUIDs , the largest sensitive magnetometers familiar.
😊They are usual in MRI/NMR machines, mass spectrometers, the beam-steering magnets usual in particle accelerators and plasma confining magnets in some tokamaks.
😊They can also be usual in support of magnetic separation, where weakly magnetic particles are extracted from a background of less or non-magnetic particles, as in the pigment industries.
😊The large resistance transformation at the transition from the normal- to the superconducting state is usual to build thermometers in cryogenic micro-calorimeter photon detectors.
😊Additional recently, superconductors own been usual to make digital circuits established on rapid single flux quantum technology and RF and microwave filters in support of mobile phone base stations.
😊Promising future applications consist of high-performance smart grid, electric power transmission, transformers, power storage devices, electric motors will be additional difficult to develop than those rely upon direct current.
Source:
[1] Wikipedia Contributors. “Superconductivity.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 2 Nov. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductivity. Accessed 9 Nov. 2020.
[2] pixy.org. “Balls Animation Material White Drawing Image.” Pixy.org, 24 June 2020, pixy.org/6314497/. Accessed 9 Nov. 2020.